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Joseph Fielding Smith Jr. (10th prophet):
In the Aaronic Priesthood, besides bishops, who hold the keys of presidency, we have the offices of deacon, and teacher, and priest. Men holding these offices are appointed to assist the bishops in their wards.
Source: McConkie, Bruce R., ed. Doctrines of Salvation: Sermons and Writings of Joseph Fielding Smith, Vol. 3. 111. Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1954-1955.
These three classes meet separately and are taught by a Mormon who has been appointed by the Bishop or one of his two councilors. This is usually the first meeting of the three and the classes are grouped by age called 'Quorums'.
Instruction can range from Church history (the Church's version) to scripture study to covering the duties of each class of Priesthood. Heavy emphasis on preparing to go on a mission for the Church.
When I was growing up, non-members were discouraged from attending this class. It might've been changed since then.
Joseph Fielding Smith Jr. (10th prophet):
When an elder is ordained, he receives the Melchizedek Priesthood and then the office of elder, and seventy, or high priest, as the case may be, and the office which he receives designates the nature of his duties. Not only is the office of bishop and elder an appendage to the priesthood but so is every other office, for they all grow out of the priesthood. The apostle, high priest, seventy, and every other office is an appendage to the priesthood.
Source: McConkie, Bruce R., ed. Doctrines of Salvation: Sermons and Writings of Joseph Fielding Smith, Vol. 3. 105. Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1954-1955.
Everyone meets in the same room and instruction is basically the same as the Aaronic, but in more depth.
Procedures for being ordained a member of the Priesthood.