Li:
This is an obsolete form of the particle czy.
Kochasz-li mię? = Czy kochasz mię?
Ona ma-li kotkę? = Czy ona ma kotkę?
No:
1. Express warning, impatience or amazement:
No, chodĽ już, chodĽ. (Oh, come on, come on.)
2. It adds force to a command:
ChodĽ no tutaj. (Come here.)
3. To express finality:
No, to do widzenia. (Well then, bye.)
Że:
This one adds force to commands or questions.
1. For commands it is add to the imperative of the verb:
Przestańże. (Stop it.)
2. In questions to the word czy or to other question words in the past
tense. But: the verb endings resulting from the conjugation in the past
tense are added to the że!
Gdzieże¶ był? (Usually you would put the ¶ at the verb
był)
3. To an adjective or adverb.
Niech:
This particle is used in commands and wishes.
Oby:
The same as niech but used only for wishes.
By:
1. To form the conditional tense, it is attached to the verb before
the personal ending.
2. To form impersonal expressions, it is attached to the 3rd person
singular.
3. In case it's together wit the infinitive it stands alone and is
not attached to the verb.
Nie:
This particle is used for negations. Usually it stands before the negated
phrase. This particle is also used to form negative forms of adjectives
and adverbs.
¦:
This particle is added to pronouns to get their indefinite forms.
To:
Use this particle to emphasize your statement.
Ci:
This particle is used only in colloquial speech. It basically means
"for you".
A:
1. Used as a link to an idea mentioned before.
2. To strengthen a phrase (or word).